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practising what you preach

As an industry, PR is often criticized for not practicing what we preach. Often the response is a shrug and a comment along the lines of “The cobbler’s children often go unshod.” However, if we do not follow our own advice then, from a purely practical point of view, how do we know it works?

As I make my way through this new transition I am really trying to do change management by the book, commencing with the solicitation of feedback from the team – a process that consumed most of my first week. Easier to do with 30 people than 30,000, of course, but still not easy to manage. It’s given me a new perspective on the whole process of change communications, though, which I hope to be able to draw on.

I’ve learned five core lessons from this process – things I already knew but for which I have a new appreciation.

  1. Suspend your agenda: I thought I had a pretty good idea of what areas of the business needed to be addressed, but I tried (not always entirely successfully) to use the feedback discussions to find out what other people thought rather than trying to convince them of my agenda.  In many cases their feedback validated my own perceptions but in several important areas it opened up new areas of exploration that I hadn’t considered.  That feedback has been central to my thinking as I plan the path forward.  It’s not always easy to sit back and let the other person take the lead in the conversation, but it does yield benefits and actionable insights.
  2. Give people the time they need to state their opinions: We often complain that people don’t listen, but in a busy schedule it’s often too easy to fall into the trap of not listening yourself – checking your e-mail out of the corner of your eye while they talk or giving people limited time to fit into your own busy schedule.  I scheduled 45 minutes for a discussion with each member of the team and I’m conscious that many could have gone on a lot longer.  However, I found that the really interesting insights often came toward the end, when people had relaxed into the process and were feeling more comfortable about expressing themselves.
  3. Listen with all your senses: I freely confess to struggling with listening skills.  I’m an inherent problem solver and I often try to cut straight to the solution without really going through the whole listening process.  I found the interviews difficult because I had to, quite literally, bite my tongue a lot of the time.  But I did notice that what people were saying, at least initially, and what their body language and tone of voice were telling me were sometimes two different things.  It’s easy to get a superficial idea of what people say they think, but to get to a deeper understanding you have to probe a little.  I don’t know that I was successful in every case, but I got a deeper appreciation of people’s issues and concerns than I would have done if I’d just accepted what they said at face value.
  4. Have the courage to ask people what they think:  We talk a lot about mentoring and feedback, but it’s sometimes awkward to say to someone “Tell me how I’m doing.”  When I asked people what they thought about the direction of the business  they were very forthcoming.  When I asked what were their expectations of me as the leader they found it a significantly more difficult question to answer.  Feedback is an important guide to past and future behaviour, but as leaders we have to ask for it, not just hand it out.  It’s intimidating to look at yourself through other people’s eyes, but it is an important habit to get into.
  5. Don’t think you have all the answers:  As the new leader in the office it’s easy to go in thinking “I have to have all the answers now.”  It might look like arrogance, but I tend to think of it more as an insecurity, a need to validate your position.  The wisdom of the room is invariably greater than the wisdom of the individual.  The answers to the problems that keep us awake at night may already be out there if we take the time to ask for them.

As I said, nothing that I didn’t already know at an intellectual level.  But going through this process has given me a new appreciation of the value of good PR counsel.  I’ve been through a number of leadership transitions and I don’t recall anyone ever sitting down with me and asking about what I thought about things.  I don’t know if the team valued the process, but I certainly came away not just with a deeper understanding of the task ahead but also a greater appreciation of the qualities and professionalism of the people that I am now privileged to lead.

That alone was worth a few days of my time.

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what would harold burson do?

I was flattered to be invited to take over the leadership of Burson-Marsteller’s office in Singapore, an appointment that we formally announced yesterday.  And I thought that there was probably no more opportune moment to revive this somewhat moribund blog.  But what to write about when I’m still formulating my thoughts on how to move up to this next phase in my career?

Then I thought about a speech that Harold Burson gave at his 90th birthday party in New York last week on how he built this company and I thought, “What better way to start in this job than to ask myself, “What would Harold Burson do?””  So here are Harold’s five points of best practice:

Protect and defend the company’s good name.  “Behaviour,” says Harold, “is the essence to building a reputation.”  Of course, this can go both ways, but I believe it essentially boils down to two things – a relentless focus on doing the best work we can for our clients and ensuring that Burson-Marsteller is a place that people want to work.  As several of my mentors have told me in the past – “Focus on the quality and the money will come naturally.  Focus on the money and you’ll lose both the quality and the money.”  Our reputation is based on promising quality work and delivering consistently on that promise.  Nothing else is so important.

Be elitist in hiring new employees.  If people want to work at Burson-Marsteller because of our reputation then we can afford to be selective over whom we hire.  Hiring the best people we can, though, is a two way commitment.  By hiring the best people we increase our ability to deliver on the quality promise, but the best people have higher expectations.  They expect to be trained.  They expect to be rewarded for the work that they do.  And they expect to have the opportunity to build an international career.  One of the reasons why there are so many people who return to Burson-Marsteller (and I am one of them) is that we have consistently provided real opportunities for people to work overseas.  So long as we make the professional development of our people a priority, we will be able to deliver on our quality promise.

We are one company around the world.  Good people want to work with the best clients and around the world we have client relationships with many leading global companies.  Our ability to extend our client relationships across multiple geographies is an important growth strategy, but it requires a sense that we are Burson-Marsteller people first and Singapore people second.  We cannot build a successful regional business if we are focused on keeping the majority of client work (and the associated revenues) in one market.  Our willingness to introduce clients to our colleagues in other markets – even if those markets will exceed our own in terms of client revenue – is key to our reputation both with our colleagues and our clients.  We are open-handed with our colleagues in the trust that they will reciprocate with opportunities that will help expand our own client roster.

Our goal is a long term beneficial client relationship.  Beneficial here means mutually beneficial in my opinion.  We need to be focused every day on delivering value to our clients so as to grow the business.  That means that we should be focusing on converting short term projects to longer term retainers and being selective over the opportunities we pursue.  That will allow us to do quality work and maintain the interest of our people.  We also need to ensure that we are compensated fairly for the work that we do and that our people are treated by our clients at all times with professional respect and courtesy.  If we cannot guarantee either of those things then we should not be afraid to walk away.

Growth is essential to our success.  I look at growth from three perspectives: Retaining existing client relationships; Securing organic growth within those relationships; and Winning new client business.  Retention of clients is based on quality, organic growth is dependent on the demonstration of value and winning is based on the reputation we have in the market.  The RFP and attendant pitch is a necessary part of our business, but ideally we need to make sure that we have all but won the business before we walk into the room.  The reality is that we will lose clients every year as projects expire and focus shifts, so we need to be constantly looking for new opportunities.  But the more we can do that through our own reputation and the networks that we build, the less time we have to spend developing complex proposals.  We should be rigorous about putting our client’s business ahead of our own business.  I have worked in environments where the primary focus was winning new clients.  The inevitable result was that the majority of the team’s energies went into developing proposals, quality slipped on existing clients and we ended up losing business.  Growth that derives from quality is more sustainable than growth that derives from relentless pitching.

At the end of the day I think that it comes down to one core idea – We must make the effort to win our client’s business every single day.  That means focusing on quality, taking responsibility for our professional development and consistently delivering the best work we possibly can.

That’s why it’s called professional service.

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in praise of great interns

I rebooted my professional career as an intern at the American Chamber of Commerce in Korea while I was a graduate student in the mid 90s and enjoyed every minute of it.  I was fortunate enough to be integrated very closely into the team – writing articles, organizing events, developing presentations and white papers and really getting to grips with what the Chamber was all about.    That role turned into a full time position after I graduated which in turn led to my joining Burson-Marsteller in Seoul a few years later.

It’s true that there are internships which fall little shy of indentured servitude, but for the most part I’ve worked with some really great interns throughout my career, some of whom have gone on to become colleagues.  They have not only brought with them great enthusiasm and drive  but they are, increasingly, a lot more savvy about areas of (especially digital) communication than their crusty old analogue “supervisors.”

Burson-Marsteller is a particularly attractive option for interns in the PR business because of the strength and heritage of the brand and as a result we get to work with some real stars that make measurable contributions to our business.

Here in Singapore, for example,  our intern Adeline Heng was instrumental in the production of our latest white paper, the Burson-Marsteller Asia-Pacific Social Media Study.  She was a core member of the team, compiling the research from the various offices involved in the study, proofreading the copy and designing the look and feel of the final document.

In Australia, Zack Sandor-Kerr came across a 1963 memo from B-M co-founder Bill Marsteller on how to get promoted and wrote a very insightful article, updating it and making it relevant to social media.  The article appeared in mUmBRELLA and we also turned it into a PowerPoint presentation for the B-M Asia-Pacific SlideShare page (see below – best viewed full screen).

I often hear people complaining about the difficulty of attracting good talent into our business, so it’s a source of some professional pride that people like Adeline and Zack (and the many other interns that make Burson-Marsteller their temporary home) choose to give so freely of their time and skills.  The most important lesson that I take away from them, though, is that talent and ability exist at all levels of the organization.  In many ways, we have as much to learn from the people coming in to the firm at the entry level as they have to learn from us.   It seems a pity to use all that talent for photocopying.

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management consultants get it right…and wrong

Back in May, Bob Pickard posted a piece on whether management consultants make good PR people.  His conclusion was that, while management consultants may see PR as an “easy” discipline that they can easily add on to their portfolio, in fact the skills that make a good corporate communicator are many and varied and require years of experience to acquire.

Well, if you can’t join ‘em, beat ‘em.  I was surprised to read a piece by an influential management consultancy this morning that claimed that branding is “too important” to be left to the marketing and communications departments and instead should be elevated to a strategic level in the organization – essentially the level at which these ‘big brains’ operate.

“[M]any enlightened organizations are moving branding entirely away from communications and toward connecting strategy, culture, and a wider stakeholder involvement. They recognize that branding is a process that is too important to be left just to the marketing or communications department. These organizations have understood that brand building (even if the terminology of branding is not used) is a participative process involving the whole organization and is the responsibility of all employees.”

In this assertion they are absolutely right.  Branding is a strategic imperative for companies and brand building is a collaborative process.  However, they are also spectacularly wrong when they assert that this is not a communications discipline.  It is the very essence of communications to manage the “continuous dialogue between customers and employees — both online and offline” that shape and define the common brand.

They argue that consumers are losing trust in brands.  This is generally true, but more a function of the fact the the online conversation facilitates and encourages the examination and discussion of brand promises.  Within this environment companies are finding new ways to build and retain trust – look at Zappos for a compelling example – by incorproating communication into the business strategy, not by excluding the communicators.

To the challenge of restoring trust in brands the management consultants offer the following five axioms:

1. Content not communication. It is what you produce and how you deliver it that matters if you want to build a relationship with customers. Advertising is sexy, PR is influential, and design is uplifting; but it is the substance of what you do that matters most. As media fragments and services become more dominant, the way companies interact with people and the products and services they deliver will increasingly influence consumers’ perceptions of brands.

Well, yes.  Communication without content is irrelevant, but so too is content without communication.  Yes, media is fragmenting and yes, company interactions with consumers will influence perceptions of the brand.  That is what we communicators were saying ten years ago.  Unfortunately the world moves on.  Company actions are today viewed through the distorting lens of civil society, not through the narrow field of view presented by direct interactions.  It is the role of communicators to understand these currents and advise the senior executives on how to shape business decisions accordingly.  In this field, the communicators are the strategists.

2. Mind your language. Be aware that the language of branding is a turnoff inside many organizations, and that the hyperbole of marketing communications is increasingly ineffectual. Now that we are all creators through Facebook and YouTube and blogs, we better understand the language of persuasion. Increasingly, we can also see through organizational facades to the reality, so more transparency is required.

“The language of persuasion” is the language of professional communicators.  Yes, the bold, brash promises of advertising are losing credibility, but did anyone ever truly believe that Kenny Rogers actually produces, objectively and verifiably, the world’s best chicken? Laws around the world exempt advertising ‘puffery’ from regulations regarding accuracy of disclosure because the lawmakers understand that the average consumer accepts that the promises are inflated.  Public relations professionals are generally held to a higher standard – we have to practice in an environment of honesty and transparency if we are going to be credible.  Invariably we are prevented from doing so by the restrictions of other forces within the business.   In this field the communicators are the strategists.

3. Let go. The brand is not something that can be controlled by managers. It is employees and increasingly customers who self-manage brands. Managers and writers have long been seduced by the idea that marketing plans can be developed and implemented in a vacuum, but the reality of our socially mediated world is that brands are created by a diverse group of people.

Absolutely correct – brands are no longer managed, they are curated through a diverse array of content delivered in an increasingly targeted manner via multiple direct and mass channels.  They may be owned by companies, but they are managed and evolve through the actions of a myriad stakeholders – consumers, employees, evangelists and detractors.  The challenge for brands – and a challenge that many brands are embracing – is how to channel and focus the wisdom of the masses into the development of viable products, services and delivery channels.  This needs to be done through engagement and managed conversations.  In this field, the communicators are the strategists.

4. Open up. There is a greater requirement to make the brand open to the influence of others. In the future, the required expertise of a brand manager will be to listen, to absorb, and to share. Traditionally this receptivity to the outside world has been derived from market research, but the movement toward co-creation has led to the direct involvement of consumers in defining products and services and the way brands are delivered. The most important mental shift here is to stop seeing users as an object and to start seeing them as a source of creativity and value creation.

Among the many areas of expertise required by a professional communicator are the abilities to listen, to absorb and to share.  I’m not to going repeat the point I made above about harnessing the wisdom of the masses through dialogue-driven engagement, but the idea that this somehow replaces market research is a fallacy.  Tapping into the stream informs and refines market research, but ultimately businesses need to base decisions on a high degree of certainty of outcome.  When we talk about Evidence-Based communications at Burson-Marsteller, that is what we mean.  Of course, the explosion of social media gives us many more sources through which to direct the research but, as communicators, it is part of our task to evaluate which channels are credible and which are not to ensure that we obtain research that can guide business decisions.  In this field, the communicators are the strategists.

5. Just do it. As Nike’s famous slogan implies, accept that there will be successes and failures. Learn from open source practices, and experiment. The emergence of new approaches to branding doesn’t require organizations to change their whole modus operandi. The point is to try things; to experiment with openness and to find out how the culture and strategy of your organization can best engage with customers.

The world is changing at a pace that few businesses can possibly match.  Organizations were just getting used to the idea of corporate websites when blogs came along.  Companies were just getting used to blogs when social media sites arrived.  Companies have not really started to fully understand social media sites and now Twitter is upping the stakes even further.  Yes, companies should “just do it” but they also need to accept that things will go wrong when they do so.  The online community is comparatively forgiving if mistakes are accepted in an attitude of openness and transparency, in real time and through dialog.  In embracing the chaos, companies need to be guided by an understanding of the communications risks and rewards and prepared to manage the impact of a mistake, large or small.  In this field, the communicators are the strategists.

What the article tries to do is move corporate and brand communications away from the communicators and place it in the sphere of the strategists.  This is a mistake.  The real imperative is to move communications – PR, marketing and advertising – up to a strategic level within the organization, usually under the aegis of the CMO.  That is how companies will better equip themselves to understand the shifting social and media landscape and adapt themselves and their organizations accordingly.

The other imperative lies with us as communicators.  We must place a greater premium on our ability to set, measure and achieve tangible business outcomes.  Ten years experience as a journalist and a folder full of name cards is not sufficient qualification for a public relations professional.  The onus is on us to step up to the plate and demonstrate that, when it comes to managing the reputation of an organization and its brands, the communicators – not the management consultants – are the strategists.

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words of wisdom: sir martin sorrell

At the risk of looking like a hopeless sycophant, I came across a perspective from WPP group CEO Sir Martin Sorrell today on the imperative for professional services businesses – and particularly those in the marketing communications industry – to invest in training.

I thought it was interesting not only because training is a part of my remit at Burson-Marsteller but because one of the most consistent answers I get from job interviewees when asked “Why do you want to join the firm?” is “Because I want to learn.”

“In our industry we win a piece of business and we steal people from the competition.  There is no desire to continuously train.

Our industry is very poor in the management of talent. The biggest issue is finding the right people, keeping them and motivating them.

I still think that Goldman Sachs and McKinsey are some of the finest in talent management.  They consistently recruit and train the best people.  There is no accident to their success because some hell or high water, recession or bust, they are recruiting the best people, training and developing them. It’s fundamental and our industry still does not get it.”

At the end of the day, the responsibility for professional development lies largely with the professional.  The company should, of course, provide training on core skills and capabilities.  More importantly, though, knowledge workers need to be given the explicit mandate and the necessary support to to pursue their own learning agendas.

Unfortunately, the public relations industry does not attract the kinds of fees that Goldman Sachs and McKinsey do, and so our financial investments in training are necessarily more modest.  However, the cost of building an environment that values and supports individual learning is comparatively low.

We generally hire people who want to learn.  So long as we provide them the opportunities to do so and encourage them to take advantage of those opportunities, we will tend to retain those people.  However when we put the short term needs of the business ahead of the desire of our people to further their own professional development, we alienate the very people we want to retain.

We also inhibit their ability to provide our clients with the best work.

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life through the rear view mirror

An old saw about early racing drivers is that they ripped out their rear view mirrors because they didn’t need to see where they’d been, only where they were going.  I’m not sure if that’s still true – I imagine that being able to see what’s coming up behind you is pretty useful even at 200 mph – but as a guide to life it is inadequate.  While it’s not a good idea to dwell on the past, life does seem to move in cycles and knowing where we came from is a pretty good guide to how to manage the future.

On the first day of my new job with Burson-Marsteller, I’ve been reflecting on how I got to this point.

I first joined Burson-Marsteller ten years ago, as the culmination of a series of decisions that began when I left the UK in 1994 for Korea, knowing little about where I was going or what I was going to do when I got there.  After a number of jobs in which I gravitated toward toward marketing communications, Burson helped me formalize what I already understood about the PR discipline and expand my professional capabilities.  When the disaster area that was my personal life at the time made my continued tenure at Burson financially non-viable (a long story!), it was my training at Burson that allowed me to take up my role at Kia Motors.

Kia also gave me an opportunity to work with Bob Pickard, who was instrumental in facilitating my transition into Edelman when I left Korea and who is now one of the primary reasons why I’m moving back to Burson.  Another reason is the opportunity to continue working with some of the very talented people who were my former colleagues at Edelman.

In a lot of ways coming back to Burson-Marsteller feels like coming home – or at least coming full circle.  It’s a great firm – a lot stronger in Asia-Pacific than it’s often given credit for being and still rather reluctant to blow its own horn, but the great sense of community and the strong intellectual commitment that I recall from my early years with the firm is still very much in evidence.

The point of the rear view mirror analogy is that looking back has value.  Not every decision I’ve made in the 16 years since I got on the aeroplane at Newcastle has turned out positively, but for every bad experience there have been many positive outcomes which have culminated in bringing me to this next stage in my career.  I don’t regret any decision I have made, but I don’t dwell on the difficulties.  At the end of the day, you get more of what you focus on.  Some of the the lessons I have learned over the course of my career have been hard, even painful, but without them I would not be starting this new job today.

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human beings addicted to communication: study

In pre-industrial societies or other cultures with no formal legal system, those individuals who transgressed the rules of society were often punished through some form of ostracism – the deliberate and systematic alienation of the individual from contact with their family, friends and neighbours.  The punishment could be temporary or permanent.

As someone who has experienced a limited from of ostracism while at school, I can testify to the damaging effect being cut off from normal social interaction has on a person.  In my case my grades suffered, I became significantly more introverted and I still find unfamiliar social situations difficult and intimidating.  In aboriginal Australian societies there are reports of ostracised people actually dying as a result.

So I was rather surprised to read an article claiming that U.S. students are suffering from Internet addiction, based on the findings of an experiment that involved having 200 students give up all forms of media – Blackberries, laptops, TV, phones, e-mail, Facebook – for 24 hours.  The experimenters noted that,

“…after 24 hours many showed signs of withdrawal, craving and anxiety along with an inability to function well without their media and social links.

The conclusion trotted out by the media is that American teens are addicted to the Internet.  What the University of Maryland study actually says is that it was the students themselves who said they were addicted;

“But we noticed that what they wrote at length about was how they hated losing their personal connections. Going without media meant, in their world, going without their friends and family (emphasis mine). ”

To me, the point is not that they are ‘addicted’ to the Internet but that the Internet has substantially altered the way young people in particular interact with society at large.  For a generation that grew up with a keyboard and a screen as their primary vehicle of communication, giving up those channels amounts to social ostracism.  It’s not surprising they felt withdrawn – ask someone in the 1980s to go for 24 without TV, radio or telephones and then not talk to anyone and you’d probably get the same result.

Calling it Internet addiction is missing the point – we are increasingly Internet dependent in the same way that we have become electricity dependent.  What we are addicted to is the ability and freedom to communicate with our peers.  Take that away from us and, like every other human being, we suffer as a result.

Of course, there are extreme cases, such as the Korean couple who let their baby starve to death while they played computer games, but I would hazard a guess that their problems went far beyond the Internet.  There were obsessive individuals before the Internet was born and there continue to be obsessive people today.  It’s simply that the object of their obsession is a computer or, more specifically, an online experience.

The lesson for companies in all of this is that young people interact with the world in a manner that is substantially different from the experience of those executives trying to reach them.  In one telling example the researchers note that,

“Students in the Maryland study also showed no loyalty to news programs, a news personality or news platform. They maintained a casual relationship to news brands, and rarely distinguished between news and general information (emphasis mine).”

But ultimately, said one researcher,

“They care about what is going on among their friends and families and even in the world at large.”

That’s not addiction.  That’s what it means to be human.

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the meaning of your communication is the response that you get

Continuing from my last post on the core assumptions of the leading mindset, the first filter I discussed was the idea that the meaning of your communication is the response that you get, not the necessarily the response that you intend.  This resulted in some conversation after the presentation as whether this assertion was, in fact, ‘right’.

“Sometimes you can communicate something very clearly but the other person just doesn’t get it.”

QED

The point about these assumptions (which are drawn from the Presuppositions of Neurolinguistic Programming, by the way), is that it doesn’t matter if the assumption is ‘right’ or ‘wrong’.  The power of the assumption is that it allows us to consider an alternative possibility that may substitute improvement for blame.

We’ve all given someone a set of instructions and walked away convinced that we communicated clearly what we wanted.  The other person likely walked away convinced they understood clearly what we wanted.  And yet the result is not what we expected.  A typical response to this is along the lines of “You’re so dumb – how could you not understand a simple instruction?”

There are two perspectives on any interaction – there is what you intend to communicate and there is what the other person actually receives.  Most importantly, it is the latter perspective that defines the result.  In other words, you can see how effectively you communicate by observing the extent to which the results you get meet your expectations.  If you don’t get the result you expect, consider asking yourself “How might I communicate this more effectively so the other person understands my meaning no matter what?”

Leaders take 100% responsibility for their communications.  By assuming that the meaning of your communication is the response that you get, you constantly challenge yourself to find better, more effective ways to get your message across.

You can view the original presentation at Prezi.com.

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core assumptions of the leading mindset

The core assumptions are lenses through which we view the world and, specifically, our interactions with other people. They encourage leaders to go into any given situation with a different mindset. From assuming that the other person did something wrong, we work on the assumption that no-one is broken and that the other person performed exactly as their model of the world said they should. [...] Continue Reading…

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on leadership and public speaking

Delivering a speech to the Toastmaster s Semi-Annual Convention in Jakarta got me reflecting on the connections between public speaking and leadership. [...] Continue Reading…

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